![]() Among these techniques are electrochemical machining, micro-milling, ion-beam etching, hot embossing, lithography, mechanical texturing, and LST. Over the years, different texturing techniques were explored. The last section summarizes the review and its findings. Finally, based on this review, the authors present the challenges and give suggestions for future work. 3.7, the effect of laser parameters on ablation rate and surface features is discussed in depth together with their influence on polymer properties and performance. A critical comparison is done to provide more information on the efficiency of each technique for industrial applications. This section also describes in detail the principle of each LST technique along with their capabilities and potentials. 3 discusses the ablation mechanism and the influence of the incubation effect on the ablation threshold. As this study is focused on polymeric materials, an overview of relevant polymer properties affected by laser irradiation is presented in Sect. ![]() In this review, an overview of micro-texturing techniques is provided, highlighting their drawbacks, and discussing the ways to eliminate these shortcomings through an in-depth analysis of LST. There are a few works summarizing laser surface texturing (LST) of polymers in recent years. Whatever the approach employed, precision is the key. The process of texturing mostly involves material removal by micro-milling or ablation. Surfaces may also be textured for aesthetic purposes. The tribological performance of surfaces is also enhanced by surface roughness created during surface texturing. This is not in isolation to the increased specific surface-area contributions of micro- and nanostructures. ![]() Also, feature geometry influences the adhesive properties of a surface by either reducing or increasing the contact angle (CA) between a liquid droplet and the material surface. In polymers, the process of formation or breakage of bonds in addition to surface roughness, surface energy, and capillarity may result in the surface being either more hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The influence of texture patterns on surface functionalities may be expressed as a function of feature geometry and/or surface chemistry. Depending on the texturing technique employed, different texture types and sizes can be produced. It involves creating textures with fine features on the surface of a material with the aim to impact surface functionalities. Surface texturing is a surface-modification technique used to improve the performance of materials for various applications. Since direct laser interference patterning is an emerging area, considerable attention is given to this technique with the aim of forming a basis for follow-up research that could pave the way for potential technological ideas and optimization towards obtaining complex high-resolution features for future novel applications. In general, the objective of this work is to present a thorough review on laser ablation and laser surface modification of a variety of industrially used polymers. ![]() It also highlights the capabilities and drawbacks of various micro-texturing techniques while identifying texture geometries that can be generated with these techniques. This paper reviews the current state-of-the art research and recent progress in laser ablation of polymers starting from laser-material interaction, polymer properties influenced by laser, laser texturing methods, and achievable surface functionalities such as adhesion, friction, self-cleaning, and hydrophilicity on commonly used polymeric materials. As a result, laser ablation of polymers has been of great interest for many researchers. Advantageous characteristics of polymers such as high strength-to-weight ratio, non-corrosive nature, and high electrical and thermal resistance, have made polymers the preferred choice compared to other materials (e.g., steel, aluminium, titanium) in several fields of application. In comparison to other texturing techniques employed to create micro/nano features such as electrochemical machining, micro-milling, ion-beam etching, hot embossing, lithography, and mechanical texturing, ultrashort laser ablation produces high-quality surfaces at low cost in a one-step non-contact process. Ultrashort laser ablation proved to be ideal for producing structures with dimensions down to the nanometre scale. Laser ablation using ultrashort pulses has become the prominent technique for generating different surface structures for various functional applications. Micro- and nanoscale structures produced on surfaces of metals, polymers, ceramics, and glasses have many important applications in different fields such as engineering, medical, biological, etc. ![]()
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